Prevalence and diversity of ectoparasites in Wild Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) in Punjab region, Pakistan

Abstract The current study was carried out to estimate the prevalence and diversity of ectoparasites in rock pigeons different regions Punjab, Pakistan. A total 120 birds were captured from March 2017 February 2019. collected by standard procedures preserved 70% ethanol containing one drop glycerin. Data related age, health status, sex, type area, sampling location season using a standardized form. Ectoparasites identified based on morphological characteristics identification keys. Ninety-six (80%) infested with ectoparasites. seven families thirteen species observed. Mainly, lice, two flies, tick three mites recovered birds. female more often (89.02%) than male (60.52%). found higher during summer (100%) as compared other seasons. infestation rate Industrial area (97.50%) regions. highest recorded Sargodha district. There significant (P < 0.05) variation among number wing, chest, tail neck within age groups, seasons ecological zones. occurrence parasites relation sex significant. pigeon is high districts Punjab. It recommended that these wild multiple could be potential source infestations domesticated if they come contact them. should prevented minimize chance cross transmission